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- By Dr Connor Hughes-Love BVSc (Dist), Franklin Vets
Cats and dogs commonly present to our veterinary clinics with eye issues such as excessive eye discharge, squinting, or inflammation. While these signs are easy to spot, they are often nonspecific and can stem from a range of underlying causes.
A cat named Boy was seen by us recently after his family noticed that his left eye had been very watery for several days without improvement.
The first step in assessing eye problems is a thorough examination. We evaluate the surrounding skin and eyelids, checking for symmetry, whether one or both eyes are affected, and the type of discharge.
We then examine the eye itself, assessing the cornea (the transparent outer layer) and deeper structures such as the iris and pupil. An ophthalmoscope is used to provide light and magnification, allowing us to assess these structures and their light reflexes. Additional tests may be used to confirm or rule out potential causes.
In Boy’s case, we identified excessive tearing (epiphora), conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva), and squinting (blepharospasm). These signs can be caused by infection (such as cat flu), trauma, or foreign material lodged in or around the eye, making a thorough examination essential in determining the appropriate treatment.
On closer inspection, we discovered a thin grass stem protruding from beneath Boy’s upper eyelid. After applying a numbing agent, we carefully removed the material using forceps. With a slight tug, out popped a surprisingly large grass seed, nearly 2cm long, embedded within the conjunctiva of Boy’s upper eyelid, which he likely picked up while running through long grass.
We applied a special green-yellow fluorescein dye to check for corneal damage. This dye adheres to damaged areas of the cornea and glows under blue light, revealing ulcers. Boy had a small corneal ulcer caused by the seed rubbing against the eye. He was treated with a course of antibiotic eye drops and anti-inflammatories.
Without the prompt care Boy received, the ulcer would have worsened and become more difficult to manage. Fortunately, thanks to his family’s quick action, it healed quickly.
Eye problems in pets should always be taken seriously, especially when symptoms appear suddenly and include squinting, swelling, or significant discharge. Early veterinary care can make all the difference.
