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Often referred to as “bearings”; prolapsed vaginas occur in sheep and, less commonly,
cattle.
This occurs in pregnant ewes (most commonly) in the terminal stages of pregnancy. The exact causes are unknown, and the prevalence varies from season to season.
Affected ewes are frequently fat, bearing twins or triplets, and there is plentiful lush food leading to her taking minimal exercise.
The tendency is to be down for extended periods, and while doing so, the bladder becomes distended with urine to a degree that makes urination difficult when she eventually rises to her feet.
Straining occurs, which forces the uterus over the bladder and into the pelvis, continuing to force the vagina and cervix to the exterior.
During late pregnancy, hormones soften the reproductive tract. At the same time, abdominal pressure can be increased due to a full rumen, a large pregnant uterus, and internal body fat.
These factors also combine with straining from a full bladder, resulting in prolapse.
It can also occur in poorly conditioned ewes; the poor diet leads to loss of muscle tone and consequent prolapse.
Genetics may also be a contributing factor, as may clover-containing oestrogenic substances.
Incidence increases in sloping paddocks when ewes will often face uphill to relieve pressure from the pregnant uterus on the diaphragm.
The earlier treatment is attempted, the better.
The use of a vaginal retention device such as a bearing retainer or harness is beneficial when the prolapse is small. In more severe cases, seek veterinary attention immediately.
Depending on how far away from lambing she is and the viability of the lambs, either a Buhner suture plus or minus induction, caesarean section, or euthanasia may be required.
If a retainer or suture is used, the ewe will require careful monitoring as assistance with lambing will be required.
